Category: Blog

  • Top 8 JAIN Water Blog Articles from 2023

    Top 8 JAIN Water Blog Articles from 2023

    Here are 8 of the most popular blogs according to our readers this past year. Enjoy, and thanks for supporting the JAIN blog over the years and helping us spread the water conservation and sustainability message.


    My 7 Favorite Quotes About Water

    These are seven of my favorite inspirational quotes about water and life. I am sure you have a few favorites quotes about water of your own. Please feel free to share your quotes about water in the comments section or with us on ‘X’ @Jainsusa. Read more.

    5 Causes of Drought

    The “new normal” of water management across the United States suggests we need to consider the regions we live in are either heading into a drought or coming out of a drought. Read more.




    6 Signs You Are Overwatering Your Plants

    Overwatering your plants is one of the biggest issues I see in landscapes today. When plants don’t look healthy it is tempting to give them more water and often this is a mistake, these are some of the few signs of overwatering plants. Read more.

    6 Signs You are Over Fertilizing Your Plants

    Plants receiving the proper amount of fertilizer respond quickly in growth and look great. The result makes it tempting to give them more fertilizer (in dose, frequency or both) and often this is a mistake. Here are six signs you can easily recognize to determine if you are giving your plants too much fertilizer. Read more.




    3 Secrets To Enjoying Basil All Winter

    Almost all basil is an annual herb that is going to flower and die. It also has trouble making it through winter. If you love basil as much as me, here are three tips to help you enjoy basil all winter long. Read more.

    Beginners Guide: ¼ Inch Distribution Tubing

    When selecting ¼” distribution tubing (also referred to as spaghetti tubing) there is not a lot of decision making involved. You only need to make one decision, vinyl or polyethylene. ¼” distribution tubing is generally the tubing that delivers water to drippers, sprayers, or shrubblers. Read more.




    Chlorine In Your Water: Does It Harm Plants?

    When I was shelling out money for yet another load of worm castings for my garden (worm castings contain a highly active biological mixture of bacteria) it dawned on me that I was adding bacteria to my soil and then watering it in with chlorinated water formulated to kill bacteria. Is this a sustainable practice? Read more.


    A Complete Guide To Understanding Your Water Bill

    Water bills are confusing and challenging for consumers to understand and due to much needed, but more intricate water price structures they get more complicated every day. In order to conserve water, it is important to know how much you use and how much you pay for water. We all know the quote “If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it.” In the case of water, we are doing a great job of measuring it, but interrupting the data can be difficult. Read more.

  • The Ripple Effect: 20 Fascinating Water Facts to Spark Conservation Conversations

    The Ripple Effect: 20 Fascinating Water Facts to Spark Conservation Conversations

    There is the same amount of water on Earth today as when the Earth was formed. (Ewww factor or cool factor?) Today’s water from your faucet could contain molecules ancient humans used thousands of years ago. Need some cocktail conversation for the World Ag Expo? Frozen water is lighter than water by about 9%, so ice floats in water.
    If the world population continues to grow at the current rate, by the end of the century, the world will have over 10 billion people (There are over 8 billion people today). Feeding this many people will require more food to be grown in the next 75 years than all the food ever produced in human history. This food will need lots of water and more efficient methods of irrigation. Most Americans find it hard to believe that a quarter of the world’s population is without safe drinking water. This impacts food production, too. You can help by supporting organizations like Chapin Living Waters,
    Singing in the shower: next time you shower, think about this instead. Two-thirds of the water used in a home is used in the bathroom. Older toilets can use up to seven gallons of water per flush. At five flushes per day, that is almost 13,000 gallons per year. The EPA has some recommendations about toilets here. Federal plumbing standards specify new toilets can only use 1.6 gallons per flush or nearly 3,000 gallons per year. That is still a lot of clean drinking water per flush and also begs the question, why do we use clean drinking water in our toilets?
    In a five-minute shower, we use 25 to 50 gallons of water. If you take a Navy shower, you will keep this to around 3 gallons of water. That is a boatload of savings. It is called hard water, which contains a lot of calcium and magnesium. Hardware contributes to breakdowns in cooling towers and boilers. In homes, we like to soften hard water, which causes issues for our plants. A person can live about three weeks without food but only about three days without water. The United States uses nearly 80 percent of its water for irrigation and thermoelectric power.
    The Water Footprint: A water footprint is similar to a carbon footprint. It measures the total volume of freshwater used to produce the goods and services consumed by an individual or community.
    Water in the Human Body: An adult human body comprises approximately 60% water. This percentage is even higher in infants, at about 78% at birth, dropping to 65% by one year.
    Ancient Water: Some of the water on Earth is older than the sun. Scientists have found that much of the water in our solar system predates the formation of the sun itself, highlighting the ancient lineage of water molecules.
    Water in Space: Water is not confined to Earth. Astronomers have found water vapor clouds, which hold 140 trillion times the mass of water in the Earth’s oceans and ice water on other planets and moons in our solar system.
    Invisible Water in the Air: At any given time, there are about 37.5 million billion gallons of water in the atmosphere in its gaseous form, invisible to the naked eye.
    The Deep Earth Water Cycle: Earth has a hidden ocean locked in its mantle, within ringwoodite minerals, which might hold more water than all the world’s surface oceans combined.
    Boiling Water in Cold Air: In frigid climates, boiling water can instantly evaporate and turn into snow if thrown into the air—a striking demonstration of the water cycle’s phases.
    Water as a Renewable Resource: While the quantity of water on Earth remains relatively constant, it is continuously recycled through evaporation and rainfall—a renewable resource that requires careful management due to its uneven distribution.
    Uneven Freshwater Distribution: Although 70% of the world is covered in water, only 2.5% is fresh. The rest is saline and ocean-based. Even then, just 1% of our freshwater is easily accessible, much trapped in glaciers and snowfields.
    Water Energy: Hydropower is the largest source of renewable energy in the US, which harnesses the power of water in motion—rivers, waterfalls, or even ocean currents—to generate electricity.
    Water plays an incredible role on our planet and across the universe. As we navigate the challenges of water conservation and efficient usage, especially in irrigation and daily life, these water facts remind us of the precious nature of water. So next time you’re at the World Ag Expo discussing the latest in efficient irrigation or debating the merits of water-conserving fixtures, remember these astounding tidbits about our most vital resource. Please share them with others to spread the word about the importance of water conservation. And don’t forget, if you bump into me, ask for that Jain Blog sticker – a small token to celebrate our commitment to water wisdom!

  • Water Stocks To Follow in 2024

    As we close the chapter on 2023, the stock market landscape presents a markedly different picture compared to the previous year. This year’s market dynamics have been a rollercoaster, challenging even the most seasoned investors. Unlike 2022, which saw significant downturns in critical sectors, particularly in technology, with heavyweights like Tesla, Meta, and Amazon experiencing notable declines, 2023 has written its unique story. The tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite was up 43%, along with broader indices like the S&P 500, up more than 24%, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average, up 13.7%, have navigated through a complex web of economic factors, each reacting in its distinct way. Our focus remains on water stocks. Consistent with our long-standing premise that water-related investments tend to hold their ground even when other sectors falter due to the essential nature of this resource, we’re set to delve into how our portfolio of water stocks fared in 2023, building on our 13-year history of tracking this segment.

    Veles California Water Index – NQH2O

    Reflecting on the performance of the California water index this year, we observe a notable shift from its previous trajectory. Last year, the index was riding a wave of substantial growth, boasting an impressive 81% gain over two years. This year, however, the index’s journey has been less exuberant, as it currently stands at less than 200, a descent from its previous high of over 1000. This decrease represents a significant shift in the market dynamics affecting the water sector, particularly within California’s primary water regions, which the index tracks through rights, leases, and sales transactions.

    This downturn can be attributed to climate impacts on water resources and broader economic trends influencing investment in utilities and natural resources. While the decline might initially seem disheartening, especially after the remarkable gains of the past two years, it’s crucial to view it in the context of the long-term nature of investing in essential resources like water. The fluctuation in the index is a reminder of the inherent volatility in the stock market, even in sectors as critical as water. For investors and analysts following our index of water stocks, this change signals an opportunity to reassess strategies, analyze the underlying causes, and recalibrate expectations for future performance in this vital sector.

    American Water Works Co. Inc. (NYSE: AWK)

    The stock’s long-term performance remains commendable despite American Water Works Co. Inc. (AWK) experiencing a 16% decline in 2023. Over the past six years, including this year’s dip, AWK has demonstrated resilience and a strong market presence in the utility sector, known for its conservative investment approach. Serving an essential need—water and wastewater services to millions—AWK’s position as a leading performer in your water stock portfolio underscores the robustness of investments tied to fundamental human necessities.

    Aqua America Inc. (NYSE: WTRG)

    The stock of Aqua America, now known as Essential Utilities, faced a 23% decline in 2023; this is in addition to the 9% drop observed in the previous year, which followed a profitable period where the stock appreciated 10%. Over five years, including the fruitful phase and the recent downturns, the company has seen an overall gain of 13%. Essential Utilities, serving a solid customer base across multiple states, remains a significant entity in the utility sector.

    California Water Service Group (NYSE: CWT)

    In 2023, California Water Service Group experienced a 16% retreat, diverging from the prior year’s impressive ascent. The utility company, with operations spanning several states, including areas frequently challenged by drought conditions, has navigated a 45% rise over the preceding five-year span. This year’s performance downturn reflects the often unpredictable swings in the utility market, impacted by various factors such as environmental, regulatory, and economic changes. Despite this, the company’s extensive reach in critical states and its role in providing an essential service underscores the potential for resilience and growth.

    American States Water Company (NYSE: AWR)

    American States Water Company, enduring a 16% decline in 2023, faced headwinds from its previous year’s 6% decline. This was a $65 stock five years ago and has traded about 100 in 2022. The company’s established presence and diversification across the United States suggest underlying strengths that could bode well for future resilience. The essential nature of its services coupled with a diversified portfolio often positions a utility such as American States Water Company to weather the cycles of market volatility and maintain a long-term perspective for steady growth.

    Exchange-traded funds or ETFs

    Another option to invest in water is Exchange Traded Funds (ETF). Think of an exchange-traded fund as a mutual fund that trades on a public exchange, like the New York Stock Exchange. You get the diversification of a fund with the added benefit of the liquidity of a public exchange. Below is the past performance of a few of the popular water ETFs we have been following:

    Invesco Global Water ETF (PIO)

    The Invesco Global Water ETF made a splash in 2023 with an impressive 19% uptick. This rebound is particularly noteworthy considering the ETF’s previous year dip of 20%, despite a 23% climb the year before. The performance marks a significant turnaround and reinforces the fund’s almost 70% gain over the prior five years, highlighting its potential resilience and growth within the sector focused on potable water providers. This resurgence reflects investors’ increasing recognition of the value in water resources and infrastructure, signaling confidence in the water industry’s prospects. The ETF’s recovery underscores the importance of potable water companies and the investment community’s response to global trends emphasizing sustainability and essential services.

    Power Shares Water Resources Portfolio (PHO)

    In 2023, the ETF, which zeroes in on companies that supply potable water, saw a resurgence, climbing over 15%. This uptick marks a positive shift from the previous year’s 20% decline and further builds on the more than 100% growth achieved over the preceding five-year period. This rebound highlights the ETF’s resilience and the growing investor interest in the water sector, often seen as a defensive play in times of market uncertainty. The latest upswing in the ETF’s performance could be linked to heightened global awareness of water’s critical importance, potentially increased infrastructure spending, and a general trend toward sustainable investing.

    Guggenheim S&P Global Water Index ETF (CGW)

    Reflecting on the performance of the ETF that tracks the S&P Global Water Index, we observe a positive trend in 2023, with an increase exceeding 10%. This growth is particularly significant considering the fund’s decline of 18% the previous year, which followed a substantial 28% gain in 2021. Over a five-year horizon, the ETF’s value has appreciated, consolidating a total rise of over 67%. This trajectory underscores the strategic importance of water-related investments in the global economy and the resilience of the water sector amidst fluctuating market conditions.

    First Trust ISE Water Index Fund (FIW)

    First Trust, known for targeting companies within the wastewater and potable water sectors, has notably recovered this year, appreciating 17%. This uptick represents a significant rebound from last year’s 11% year-to-date decrease and continues to build on the substantial 112% growth observed over the previous five-year period. This is the most significant increase of any of the stocks in the water portfolio for the past five-year period.

    The divergent performance between individual water stocks and water ETFs in 2023, where ETFs surged while stocks saw declines, can indicate several market dynamics. Given their diversified nature, ETFs can often provide a broader market exposure, reducing the impact of negative performance from any single stock. They benefit from various water-related companies, including those involved in infrastructure, equipment, treatment, and technology, which may have different growth drivers compared to the more regulated utilities sector many water stocks belong to. Or since their most significant increase occurred during the last two months of the year, the same time the Nasdaq surged, they just got the benefit of money pouring into the sector.

    On the other hand, the individual stocks may have been more susceptible to localized issues such as regulatory challenges, rate cases, or region-specific environmental factors like droughts or floods affecting operations and profitability. Moreover, ETFs can sometimes capitalize on broader thematic trends, such as ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investing, which has gained traction among investors increasingly conscious of climate change and sustainability issues.

    The water sector presented a mixed reservoir of results in 2023, with the ebb and flow of stock performances reflecting broader market currents and the unceasing importance of water resources. Despite receding to under 200 from its high-water mark of over 1000, the Veles California Water Index signals a market recalibration yet retains its long-term investment significance. American Water Works Co. Inc. (AWK) saw a 16% dip but maintained a commendable long-term presence in the utility sector. Aqua America, now Essential Utilities, experienced a 23% drop, yet its five-year overview still showed a total 13% gain, attesting to its enduring value proposition.

    California Water Service Group (CWT) withdrew by 16%, contrasting with its five-year 45% rise, yet its critical service provision across drought-prone states suggests an undercurrent of growth potential. American States Water Company (AWR) faced a 16% downturn, but having traded around $100 in 2022 after being a $65 stock five years ago, its established presence and diverse operations across the U.S. position it for potential future resilience and growth.

    In the ETF space, the Invesco Global Water ETF (PIO) surged by 19%, and the Power Shares Water Resources Portfolio (PHO) ascended over 15%, rebounding strongly after the previous year’s declines. Their performances underline the sector’s robustness and the escalating investor interest in sustainable water investments. The Guggenheim S&P Global Water Index ETF (CGW) also saw a surge of over 10%, adding to its cumulative rise of 67% over five years. First Trust ISE Water Index Fund (FIW) outperformed with a 17% growth, marking the most significant increase in the water portfolio for the five years, highlighting a remarkable 112% growth.

    These currents suggest that despite short-term fluctuations, the water sector remains fertile for investors, buoyed by the essential nature of its commodities and services and the growing global emphasis on sustainability.

  • Tracking Progress Toward the Paris Agreement Goals: Are We on Track?

    The Paris Agreement, a landmark international treaty signed in 2015, set ambitious goals to combat climate change, including the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by the year 2030. For the United States, this translates to a 50-52% reduction in emissions compared to the levels recorded in 2005. As we assess our progress towards this crucial milestone, the numbers reveal that we are progressing in the right direction. This is excellent and welcome news, considering all that is happening in the world right now.

    Current Progress

    Since the inception of the Paris Agreement and our commitment to its goals, the United States has embarked on a journey to lower its greenhouse gas emissions. Since 2005, our nation has successfully reduced emissions by approximately 18%. This remarkable achievement can be attributed to several factors, including the increasing adoption of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power and the transition from coal to cleaner natural gas for electricity generation. Building on our successes, another 7% reduction in emissions is locked in by 2030. This brings our total emissions reduction to an impressive 25%, marking the halfway point toward our 2030 goal. In eight years, we reduced 25%. Now, we need to decline another 25% in the remaining six. The crucial question is how to accomplish the subsequent 25% reduction in six years.

    Critical Strategies for Achieving the Next 25% Reduction

    Clean Electricity Tax Credits: One of the primary strategies to continue reducing emissions involves tax credits that support the generation of clean electricity. This includes incentives for developing solar, wind, and nuclear power, crucial for producing zero-carbon electricity. By encouraging the expansion of clean energy sources, we can significantly cut emissions from the power sector.

    Electric Vehicle Adoption: Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) is vital to our emissions reduction efforts. Tax credits for consumers and businesses can accelerate the adoption of EVs, reducing emissions from the transportation sector, one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions.

    Energy Efficiency: Tax credits for businesses to improve building insulation and overall energy efficiency are essential for reducing energy consumption and emissions. Lower energy usage not only reduces emissions but also lowers costs for businesses.

    Carbon Capture Technology: We must invest in carbon capture technology to tackle emissions from industrial processes like cement and concrete production. Tax credits and incentives encourage industries to adopt carbon capture solutions, preventing emissions from entering the atmosphere.

    Methane Emission Reduction: Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, often escapes from leaky pipes and abandoned oil and gas wells. Addressing these leaks and adequately plugging abandoned wells can substantially reduce methane emissions.

    Reducing Electricity Waste: We must ensure that the clean electricity generated from wind, solar, and nuclear sources is used efficiently. Efforts to minimize electricity generation and distribution system waste can further lower emissions.

    How Agriculture Contributes Positively to the Reduction

    Agriculture significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 22% of global emissions. However, it’s important to note that agriculture also has the potential to play a crucial role in carbon reduction and capture through various practices and technologies. Here are some key points to consider:

    Reducing Emissions from Livestock: Livestock farming, particularly cattle, produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Implementing practices such as improved herd management, dietary adjustments, and methane capture systems can help reduce methane emissions from livestock.

    Adopting Sustainable Farming Practices: Transitioning to sustainable agricultural practices can lower emissions. These practices include reduced tillage, cover cropping, crop rotation, and agroforestry. They help sequester carbon in soil and reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers, which can be a source of nitrous oxide emissions.

    Bioenergy and Carbon Capture: Some agricultural residues and biomass can be used for bioenergy production. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies can also capture carbon dioxide emissions from bioenergy facilities or other agricultural processes, preventing them from entering the atmosphere.

    Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting trees on agricultural lands or restoring forests can capture and store carbon. These efforts can offset emissions from other agricultural activities.

    Carbon Farming: Carbon farming practices deliberately sequester carbon in soils and vegetation. This includes composting, mulching, and planting cover crops to enhance carbon storage in agricultural soils.

    Reducing Food Waste: A significant portion of emissions in the food system comes from food production that goes to waste. Reducing food waste indirectly lowers emissions associated with agriculture.

    Carbon Markets and Incentives: Governments and organizations are exploring carbon markets and financial incentives to reward farmers for adopting carbon-reducing practices and sequestering carbon on their lands.

    Research and Innovation: Ongoing research into innovative agricultural practices and technologies can help identify new carbon reduction and capture opportunities in the sector.

    Overall, agriculture has the potential to be part of the solution to climate change by reducing its emissions and actively sequestering carbon. Combining efforts in agriculture with emissions reductions in other sectors will be essential to achieving global climate goals and addressing the challenges of climate change.

    Our progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 18% since 2005 is a significant achievement and testament to our commitment to the Paris Agreement’s goals. However, as we stand midway, we must intensify our efforts to achieve the remaining 25% reduction by 2030.

    Key strategies include leveraging clean electricity tax credits to expand renewable energy, promoting electric vehicle adoption, enhancing energy efficiency in buildings, and investing in carbon capture technology. Additionally, addressing methane emissions and eliminating waste in electricity generation are vital components of our emissions reduction strategy.

    The path to reaching our 2030 target may be challenging, but it is feasible with a combination of policy measures, technological advancements, and collective efforts. By prioritizing emissions reduction, we can meet our climate goals and secure a more sustainable and resilient future for our planet.

  • El Niño vs. La Niña: Unraveling North America’s Climate Anomalies

    In climate and meteorology, few phenomena are as influential and widely recognized as El Niño and La Niña. These two climate patterns, collectively known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), profoundly impact weather conditions worldwide. In North America, 2023 is marked as an El Niño year, signifying significant climatic changes. But what exactly is El Niño, and how does it differ from its counterpart, La Niña? Let’s explore the dynamics of El Niño, its effects, and how it contrasts with La Niña.

    El Niño Unveiled

    El Niño, a Spanish term that translates to “The Little Boy” or “Christ Child,” refers to the periodic warming of the sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. This climatic event typically occurs every 2 to 7 years, disrupting the standard weather patterns across the globe.

    In an El Niño year, several key factors come into play:

    Warmer Ocean Waters: The central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean waters have become notably warmer than usual. This warming can extend hundreds of miles offshore and significantly affect the atmosphere above.

    Shifted Trade Winds: The prevailing trade winds, which typically blow east to west across the tropical Pacific, weaken during an El Niño event. This alteration in wind patterns allows warm surface waters to migrate eastward.

    Atmospheric Impact: The warming of ocean waters in the Pacific Ocean triggers changes in the atmospheric circulation. These changes can lead to global weather shifts, including in North America.

    The Impact of El Niño on North America

    El Niño’s influence on North America’s weather is profound and multifaceted. Some of the notable effects include:

    Warmer Winters: El Niño tends to bring milder winters with above-average temperatures in the northern parts of the United States and Canada. This can mean less snowfall and more favorable conditions.

    Increased Precipitation: Southern regions of North America, particularly the southern United States and Mexico, often experience increased rainfall during El Niño events. This can lead to a higher risk of flooding and wetter-than-average conditions.

    Drought Relief: Conversely, the northern and western parts of North America, which may have been experiencing drought conditions, can see relief due to El Niño-induced precipitation.

    Tropical Storm Activity: El Niño can influence the number and intensity of tropical storms in the Atlantic and Pacific basins. It tends to suppress Atlantic hurricane activity while enhancing Pacific hurricane activity.

    Agricultural Impacts: Due to unpredictable weather patterns, farmers may face challenges during El Niño years. While some regions benefit from increased rainfall, others may suffer from excessive moisture or unusual temperature fluctuations.

    La Niña: The Flip Side of the Coin

    Now that we have delved into the workings of El Niño, it’s essential to understand its counterpart, La Niña. La Niña, which means “The Little Girl” in Spanish, is the opposite phase of ENSO. Instead of warming sea surface temperatures, La Niña is characterized by cooler-than-average ocean waters in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.

    Critical differences between El Niño and La Niña include:

    Sea Surface Temperature: While El Niño features warming ocean waters, La Niña is marked by cooling. This cooling can have contrasting effects on global weather patterns.

    Trade Winds: During La Niña, trade winds strengthen, pushing warm surface waters westward across the Pacific.

    North American Effects: La Niña often brings colder winters to the northern United States and Canada, with increased chances of heavy snowfall. Conversely, the southern United States may experience drier and warmer conditions, potentially exacerbating drought concerns.

    Hurricane Activity: La Niña enhances hurricane activity in the Atlantic Basin, increasing the likelihood of named storms and hurricanes.

    Agriculture: La Niña can pose unique challenges for agriculture, including crop stress due to drought or excessively wet conditions in various regions.

    Preparing for El Niño and La Niña

    Understanding the differences between El Niño and La Niña is crucial for preparedness and risk mitigation, particularly for industries heavily reliant on weather patterns, such as agriculture, energy, and disaster management. Meteorologists and climate scientists closely monitor these phenomena, providing valuable insights to help individuals, communities, and governments prepare for the associated impacts.

    As North America experiences an El Niño year in 2023 that will last into 2024, residents, businesses, and policymakers must stay informed and adapt to the shifting weather patterns. By understanding the nuances of El Niño and La Niña, we can better anticipate and navigate the challenges and opportunities that arise with these recurring climate events.

  • December Gardening: Maintenance, Planting, and Holiday Decor

    As the festive season approaches and the winter chill sets in, December presents a unique set of tasks and opportunities for garden enthusiasts. While the garden may seem dormant, this month is a crucial period for maintenance, planting certain species, and embracing the holiday spirit with garden decorations. Here’s a guide to making the most of your garden in December. 

    Garden Maintenance

    Protecting Plants from Frost: December often brings frost, which can harm vulnerable plants. Protect your perennials by adding a layer of mulch around their base. For delicate plants, consider using frost cloths or moving them indoors.

    Pruning and Cleanup: It’s the perfect time to prune dormant trees and shrubs. Remove any dead or diseased branches to encourage healthy growth in spring.

    Lawn Care: Avoid walking on frosty grass to prevent damage. If the weather is mild, this is an excellent time to aerate your lawn and remove any thatch buildup.

    Tool Maintenance: Clean, sharpen, and oil your gardening tools. Proper maintenance in December means they’ll be ready to go when spring arrives.

    Planting in December

    Bare-Root Plants: December is ideal for planting bare-root trees and shrubs, such as fruit trees and roses. The dormant season gives these plants time to establish roots in their new location before the growing season.

    Bulbs for Spring: If you haven’t already, plant spring bulbs like tulips, daffodils, and hyacinths. Ensure you plant them at the correct depth for a beautiful display in the spring.

    Winter Vegetables: Depending on your climate, you can plant hardy vegetables like onions, garlic, and some varieties of lettuce that can survive the winter.

    Holiday Decorations

    Natural Decor: Use your garden to inspire your holiday decor. Holly, ivy, evergreens, pinecones, and branches can be used to create wreaths, garlands, and centerpieces.

    Lighting: Add a magical touch to your garden with outdoor-safe holiday lights. Wrap them around trees and shrubs, or use them to highlight garden paths and structures.

    Outdoor Displays: Consider a themed display for your front garden, such as a winter wonderland scene with snowmen and reindeer. Ensure any decorations are weather-resistant and securely fastened.

    Additional Tips

    Wildlife Care: Remember the wildlife in your garden. Bird feeders and water baths can help birds during the harsh winter months.

    Composting: Keep adding to your compost heap, but avoid adding perennial weeds or diseased plants.

    Planning for Next Year: Use the quieter winter months to plan next year’s garden. Research plants, sketch out garden designs, and order seeds and supplies.

    Houseplants: Remember indoor plants. They’ll need less water in the winter, but ensure they still receive enough light and aren’t affected by drafts.

    December might seem like a time for gardeners to rest, but it’s filled with opportunities to prepare, maintain, and enjoy your garden uniquely. Whether it’s through winter plantings, festive decorations, or essential maintenance tasks, plenty will keep you busy in the garden during this holiday month. So, wrap up warm, get out there, and enjoy the crisp winter air as you lay the groundwork for a splendid garden in the year ahead.

  • Understanding the New USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Changes

    The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recently updated its Plant Hardiness Zone Map, an essential tool for gardeners and landscapers. These changes reflect significant shifts in climate patterns and are vital for successful gardening and farming. This article explores why the USDA made these changes, the specific alterations, and how they will impact gardening and landscaping practices.

    Why the Change?

    The primary reason for updating the hardiness zone map is climate change. Over the past few decades, average temperatures have risen globally, leading to noticeable shifts in weather patterns. These shifts affect growing conditions across various regions, necessitating a revision of the zone classifications.

    The USDA’s Plant Hardiness Zones are based on the average annual minimum winter temperature, divided into 10-degree Fahrenheit zones. These zones are crucial for determining which plants will likely thrive in a particular location. As global temperatures have risen, many areas experience milder winters, pushing their hardiness zones to warmer classifications.

    What Are the Changes?

    The updated map shows a northward shift in many hardiness zones. Regions once classified as having cooler climates have warmed, meaning they are now suitable for planting species that could not have survived there. Some notable changes include:

    Northern Shift: Many northern areas in the United States have moved into warmer zones. This shift is particularly noticeable in the Midwest and Northeastern states.

    Extended Growing Seasons: Warmer zones typically have longer growing seasons, which can be a boon for gardeners and farmers but also come with challenges.

    New Zones: In some cases, entirely new zones have been added to reflect the warmer climates, especially at the southernmost points of the map.
    Impact on Landscaping and Gardening

    The implications of these changes are significant for anyone with a green thumb or who works with plants. Here’s how:

    Plant Selection: Gardeners can now consider a broader range of plants and crops that previously wouldn’t have survived in their zones. This expansion of options allows for more diversity in gardens and landscapes.

    Altered Growing Seasons: Longer growing seasons can lead to more abundant harvests for vegetable gardeners and longer blooming periods for ornamental plants. However, it also means adjusting planting schedules and being vigilant about the needs of plants during longer summers.

    Pest and Disease Considerations: Warmer temperatures can lead to increased pest activity and the emergence of new plant diseases. Gardeners will need to be more proactive in monitoring and managing these challenges.

    Water Management: With the possibility of increased heat and longer growing seasons comes the need for more efficient water usage. Gardeners and landscapers may need to adopt more sustainable irrigation practices.

    Adaptation to Extreme Weather Events: Climate change isn’t just about warming; it also brings extreme weather events. Plants and landscapes will need to be resilient against such occurrences.

    Advice for Gardeners and Landscapers

    Considering these changes, here are some tips for adapting your gardening and landscaping practices:

    Research Your New Zone: Understand the specifics of your new hardiness zone. What plants are now viable? What pests or diseases might become more prevalent?
    Adjust Planting Schedules: With longer growing seasons, you might need to adjust when you plant and harvest.
    Consider Water-Efficient Plants: Embrace drought-tolerant plants and efficient irrigation systems to cope with potential water scarcity.
    Build Resilient Landscapes: Focus on creating landscapes that withstand extreme weather events and changing conditions.
    Stay Informed: Climate change is ongoing, so staying updated on the latest research and recommendations is essential.

    The USDA’s update to the Plant Hardiness Zone Map clearly indicates the broader impacts of climate change on our environment. While it presents new opportunities for diversity in planting, it also brings challenges that require gardeners and landscapers to adapt their practices. By understanding these changes and responding proactively, we can enjoy successful and sustainable gardening and landscaping in our changing world.

  • From Farm to Feast: A Guide to Choosing and Cooking Your Thanksgiving Turkey

    Just a little over a week until Thanksgiving, so you need to get your orders placed if you are buying fresh birds from a local retailer. This year, getting a bird should be easier than before since the supplies are less tight than they have been.

    This year, the American Farm Bureau Federation expects a decline in turkey prices of -22% from last year, falling from $1.63 a pound in 2022 to $1.27 in 2023. The price drop is due to a growth in the bird supply as farmers added +2-3% more to their flocks this summer. Those once pricey refrigerated trucks are now gliding at $3.30 per mile, compared to last year’s $3.80. Plus, there’s a greater fleet ready to ship, ensuring your turkey travels from farm to your festive table, sipping less fuel along the way.

    When it comes to thawing your chosen turkey, remember, frozen ones need a little nest time in the fridge—three to four days for a safe, slow thaw, maintaining that moisture. This means you must purchase your turkey at least five days before Thursday, November 24. And for those who prefer their birds to be fresh, you can only chill them for two days max.

    Below are some great turkey tips I learned from Janet Rausa Fuller over at Epicurious.

    You might wonder if there’s a big difference between buying a fresh turkey and a frozen one for your holiday meal. Well, here’s the scoop: fresh and frozen turkeys can be equally delicious, so it comes down to preparation time.

    Frozen turkeys are super cold! They get flash-frozen to temperatures at or below 0 degrees right after they’re packaged. This keeps them safe and preserved until you’re ready to thaw and cook.

    On the other hand, fresh turkeys are kept cold but not frozen solid. They’re chilled to just above freezing, but not colder than 26 degrees, to keep them just right without freezing.

    Only turkeys that have never been colder than 26 degrees can wear the “fresh” label. So, if a turkey was ever frozen, it stays in the “frozen” category and can’t be sold as fresh later.

    Understanding Turkey Types: Pastured and Heritage

    Heading to a local farmers’ market or buying directly from a farmer can lead you to discover two special kinds of turkeys—pastured and heritage. Let’s break down what makes each unique and perfect for your big meal prep.

    Heritage Turkeys are like the heirlooms of the turkey world, from old-timey breeds that have been around for ages. They often have more leg and thigh meat and less breast meat than the turkeys at the grocery store. The taste? It’s more profound and a bit wild, which can be a fun new flavor for your dinner table.

    Pastured Turkeys: These birds get to live outdoors, roaming in the fields (that’s what “pastured” means). Many food lovers believe fresh air and exercise make these turkeys tastier meat.

    Both heritage and pastured turkeys are usually leaner, so they love a little extra care when cooking to keep them juicy:

    Try rubbing some soft butter under the skin or lay some bacon on top of the breast (known as “barding”) to keep the meat moist while it roasts.

    If you’re checking for doneness, you can take the turkey out of the oven when the thermometer reads 160°F. Then, cover it loosely with foil. The heat will continue to cook the turkey up to the perfect 165°F while keeping it tender.

    So, whether you go pastured or heritage, you’re in for a treat—and a great story to tell about your turkey choice!

    How About “Kosher” – Birds labeled “kosher” have been slaughtered and processed under rabbinical supervision—and they come pre-brined, which lessens the chance of a dried-out bird.

    How About “Organic” – USDA-certified organic turkeys are supposedly raised on organic, pesticide-free feed, with access to the outdoors (though how much time they spend outside isn’t clearly defined).

    How About “Range-Free” – It means the birds were “allowed access to the outside,” but that’s about as far as the USDA defines it, so again, I’m not sure how much time the turkeys spent out there.

    What About “Hormones” – Regardless of what you might hear, I’m told it’s illegal to give any Turkey being sold to the public hormones. If you’re concerned about antibiotics, watch for “antibiotic-free” or “raised without antibiotics” on the label.

    It’s time to make the centerpiece of your holiday meal an accurate statement of taste and tradition. Whether you choose a frozen turkey, cherish the rustic charm of a heritage breed, or savor the robust flavor of a pastured bird, the heart of your feast promises to be as memorable as the gathering around your table. Remember, the art of cooking a turkey lies in the love and care you infuse from kitchen to table, making every choice—from kosher to organic, from range-free to antibiotic-free—a reflection of your culinary journey.

    As you ready your home for laughter and gratitude, rest assured that your turkey, selected with insight and prepared with passion, will not just nourish but also enchant. Here’s to a Thanksgiving feast as bountiful and delightful as the company you share it with. Happy cooking and even more joyful feasting!